El present perfect simple es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones del pasado pero que afectan o aún tienen importancia en el presente.
Usamos este tiempo verbal para hablar del pasado y del presente juntos, relacionándolos en la misma frase, refiriéndonos al presente.
Usamos el present perfect añadiendo el auxiliar have o has, además los verbos deberán acabar en -ed si son regulares, si en cambio son irregulares, los usaremos en la forma irregular del participio.
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Fórmula del present perfect
Present Perfect Simple;Fórmula;Ejemplo
Afirmativo;Sujeto + have/has + verbo + -ed/participio + ...; I have met Maria before.
Negativo;Sujeto + haven't/hasn't+ verbo + -ed/participio + ...; I haven't met Maria before.
Interrogativo; Have/has + sujeto + verbo + -ed/participio + ...; Have I met Maria before?
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Present perfect y Past simple usando for
Usamos el present perfect con for para hablar de una acción, estado o momento que sigue ocurriendo del pasado al presente.
I've been in Madrid for two weeks.
He estado en Madrid durante dos semanas.
En cambio, usamos el past simple (pasado simple) con for para hablar de una acción en pasado o estado en un periodo de tiempo que ya finalizó.
I was in Madrid for two weeks.
Estuve en Mardid durante dos semanas.
Por último, podemos preguntar sobre un periodo de tiempo usando How long... tanto con el Present perfect como el Past Simple.
How long have you lived in Madrid?
¿Durante cuanto tiempo has vivido en Madrid?
How long did you live in Madrid?
¿Durante cuanto tiempo viviste en Madrid?
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For and Since
Since y for son preposiciones que en este caso nos detallan el tiempo o duración de las acciones.
For se usa para indicar un período de tiempo concreto o la duración de este.
I've been a teacher for 20 years.
He sido profesor durante 20 años.
Since en cambio, se utiliza para el momento en el que el período te tiempo empezó.
I’ve been a teacher since 2001.
He sido profesor desde el 2001.
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Ejercicios present perfect
Escoge si la frase debe ir en present perfect o past simple:
Rachel wants to buy a car, but she hasn't saved/didn't save enough money yet.
She charged/charged us too much for our meal last night.
Mark hasn't inherited/didn't inherit anything from his grandfather when she died.
I can't pay you back. I haven't been/ddidn't go to the bank yet.
I've never used/never used contactless payment.
How much has your mobile phone cost/did your mobile phone cost?
I haven't had/didn't have coins, so I couldn't put any money in the machine.
I love your room, how long have you lived/did you live in it?
My boyfriend has a really well-paid job. She has earned/earned 2000€ last month.
mostrar las respuestas
Rachel wants to buy a car, but she hasn't saved/didn't save enough money yet.
She has charged/charged us too much for our meal last night.
Mark hasn't inherited/didn't inherit anything from his grandfather when she died.
I can't pay you back. I haven't been/didn't go to the bank yet.
I've never used/never used contactless payment.
How much has your mobile phone cost/did your mobile phone cost?
I haven't had/didn't have coins, so I couldn't put any money in the machine.
I love your room, how long have you lived/did you live in it?
My boyfriend has a really well-paid job. She has earned/earned 2000€ last month.